Cinematic History Essay - 2418 Words

In an industry that’s been around for over one hundred thirty years and grosses over ten billion dollars a year, there’s got to be an interesting history to go with it (Film). Let me take you back to a time before seven dollar popcorn, before blu ray, and before television was even invented. When going to the movies was a luxury in itself. No special effects or computer generated images. The early stages of the invention of cinema which was essentially just moving pictures, started during the ending of the 19th century. The radio was invented around that time, but it was not accessible for home use until later. So the people of that time had to go stage shows to be entertained, such as vaudeville shows, or operas, or plays.†¦show more content†¦The Edison Laboratory worked on a motion picture viewer called the Kinetoscope, which would later be improved by other inventors into what is now known as a projector. Edison’s Kinetoscope was patented in 1891 bu t wasn’t fully completed until 1892. People questioned how involved Edison actually was in the making of the kinetoscope because Edison’s assistants William Kennedy Laurie Dickinson and his team of workers were put to the task of inventing the kinetoscope. The Kinetoscope created the illusion of a moving picture by rapidly passing a film between a light bulb and a lens that the viewer would see by looking through a peep-hole. The kinetoscope prototype was first presented to a group of women at the convention for the National Federation of Women’s Club in 1891 (Edison). The improved version of Edison’s Kinetoscope was developed by Thomas Armat and Charles Francis Jenkins. Together they invented one of the most effective motion picture projectors of their day which they called the Phantascope. It was a projector that allowed the images to be projected on a screen so viewers didn’t have to use a peephole to view it (Kiel 47). In 1894. It took a lot of ideas from different inventors to perfect the Phantascope, the next two â€Å"evolutions† of the Phantascope would be the Eidoloscope which was invented in 1895 by Woodville Latham. The Lumiere brothers patented and invented the Cinematographe whichShow MoreRelatedA Comparison of Olivier and Branaghs Adaptations of Henry V Essays2716 Words   |  11 Pages Branagh (1989) in the specific scenes of â€Å"A Little Touch of Harry in the Night† and â€Å"The Crispin Crispian Speech† A comparison of these scenes in the two film versions of Henry V indicated above in a discussion of all the major cinematic issues in integrating a story like Shakespeare’s and to include some discussion of the relative success in conveying to a cinema audience the director’s message. â€Å"†¦We few, we happy few, we band of brothers. For he today who sheds Read MoreThe Butcher Boy s Character As A Metaphor For Ireland1762 Words   |  8 PagesWithin this assignment I will focus on the exploration and discussion of an Irish film scholar named Martin McLoones view on the Butcher’s Boy’s character as a metaphor for Ireland as â€Å"The abused Child of History†. I will then evaluate the films role for an Irish national cinema. The Butcher Boy was a film directed by Neil Jordan in 1997, it was an adaptation of Patrick McCabe’s novel named the Butcher Boy. This story was about a young boy whom lived in rural Ireland and his struggles with mentalRead MoreThe Film Industry And Its Impact On The Entertainment Industry971 Words   |  4 Pagesart, math and science. The early 1900’s were some of the most pivotal years for the U.S. film industry, marking the inclusion of sound at the movies one of the most dramatic changes in all of film history. At first the concept of synchronized sound had many studios worried about the economic risk. As history goes on to prove, anything that requires growth and change, includes the willingness to take a chance. Had it not been for the leading creators of the early 20th century, one of the biggest andRead More Violence on Film Essay2304 Words   |  10 Pagesfocused on various topics throughout its cinematic history, what ultimately serves as the primary critique of the genre, is the exploration of role of violence and aggression within society (Lusted 16). Furthermore, at the source of this examination is the â€Å"Gunfighter† Western, which centers the focus of the genre to a more individualized and intimate perspective. Accordingly, films such as Henry King’s The Gunfighter (1950) and David Cronanberg’s A History Of Violence (2004) can be observed as examplesRead MoreFilm Review On The Film Cinema 1673 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the histo ry of cinema, a never-ending evolution in technological progression – paired with filmmakers’ resourcefulness and ingenuity – allowed for the development of style and encouraged a more involved craft, thus giving individual films a specific personality which therefore eased the process of discerning which piece of cinema was created by which filmmaker. Because of the progress made in film technology, especially early on, certain aspects of filmmaking that once were inconceivableRead MoreAn Allegorical Reflection on the Mexican Revolution4344 Words   |  18 Pagesfocus upon the role of women within the era of the Mexican Revolution is more a reflection of contemporary gendered-social roles than an accurate portrayal of Revolutionary ideals. To paraphrase Andrà ©s de Luna, how has the film sifted Mexican history for what was of interest: situations, characters, and themes? (174) Based upon Laura Esquivel’s fictional novel of the same name (1989), Like Water for Chocolate is an epic historical melodrama that spans three generations of Mexican women from 1985Read MoreMy Perception Of 12 Years A Slave2087 Words   |  9 Pagesdoes this movie have such an emotional impact? I thought to myself, I have never really seen such a raw influencing film that brought the harsh history of slavery alive. In my paper, I will write about what I think what this film did to get such a reaction to the storyline and images portrayed in the film. How has this film affected my idea of slave history? Also, I will write about what my impressions are that this film wants the viewer to take away from the movie, and the behind the scenes theoryRead MoreHollywood History5698 Words   |  23 Pageslocation being in the mind of movie lovers . Today Hollywood is the symbol of the Dream Factory and the world’s first movie industry, the center of all kinds of media production, from film, to the internet and television. I tried to present the history of the Hollywood’s movie industry, gradually following its evolution, beginning with the first human evidence in this area (the Gabrielino Indians) in 1800, the first movie companies in Hollywood, to nowadays stars. 1. The Beginning ofRead MoreComic Books And Their Influence On Society1626 Words   |  7 Pages Anyone can be a hero, regardless of the colour of their skin, who they love, or what religion they affiliate with. Superheroes are no different, although comics and their adaptations have a history of contradicting this reality. Comic books and their related renditions have often overlooked minority characters, like influential media has a tendency to, without regard to their audience (Aucoin, 2014). Superheroes have become an integral part of popular (pop) culture: the cultural preference of theRead MoreContribution of Digital Projections for Approaching Mise En Scene in Contemporary Theatre Performance1401 Words   |  6 Pagessaturate to the mise en scene. Cinematic theater is term of using digital projection in contemporary theatre. That can be briefly described as a fusion of live performance and the magic of the big screen. By utilizing the best dramatic devices that each  art form  has to covey a story and entertain an audience; the possibilities to create interesting  narratives  and stage dynamics through the  synergy  of stage and cinematic design is exciting. Cinematic theatre is a contemporary style of  drama  that

The Role Of Traditional Household Gender Roles - 1710 Words

â€Å"Gender relations are not confined to the domestic arena — although households constitute an important institutional site on which gender relations are played out — but are made, remade and contested in a range of institutional arenas†(Changing Gender Relations In The Household). In parallel to this statement, women and men have always had their own perceive norm within the household. Women are traditionally homemakers and men assume the sole status of breadwinner. However, in modern day society men are becoming more open to the idea of gender equality in regards to family roles. Mothers and society are socializing individuals with this norm. Currently, there is a gradual transition from a male dominant society to gender equality. This paper will look at the impact of traditional household gender roles by analyzing the following questions: 1. Why is there a gender shift in household gender roles? 2. What is the impact of balancing work and a family? 3. What are the benefits for the family? 4. Is gender equality within a family positively affecting society? By understanding how this change has come about, predictions can be made to determine how this will impact the future, to see if this will change situations outside of the home that are gender sensitive, and to see if this will give a people a broader perspective to work with. Why is there a gender shift in household gender roles? Influenced by the ever changing society, the household gender roles are transforming. Due anShow MoreRelatedTraditional Gender Roles During The United States835 Words   |  4 Pagesand Sarah (1998) examined traditional gender roles among men and women in the United States as well as in Mexico. The study revealed distinct differences between traditional gender roles perceptions held by Americans and Mexicans. The authors state that family settings in Mexico have been characterized by a dominance of the husband. The women are expected to make sacrifices for the sake of their families. They engage in household chores while the men are tasked with the role of providing income to theRead MoreGender Assignment : Child Is Born With The Sonogram908 Words   |  4 PagesGender assignment begins even before a child is born with the sonogram that tells the parents if they are having a little boy or a little girl. It happens again the moment a child is born with the phrase â€Å"It’s a boy!† or â€Å"It’s a girl!† announced over the wailing newborn in the delivery room. Initially we use biology to determine whether a child is male or female. From that day on, they are continually influenced by the adults around them. At the hospital, the baby is given a hat to keep its headRead MoreParental Influence On Gender Roles1179 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 120 – Fall 2017 October 8, 2017 Parental Influence on Gender Roles in Children A person s gender identity is a multi-faceted social construct that is defined as a person s sense of being male or female in various combinations; gender roles are then defined as behaviors learned by a person as appropriate to their gender, determined by the prevailing cultural norms. From the moment of birth when a parent hears their baby s gender an identity has begun to form. When we meet a new person, weRead MoreReflections on the Gender Wage Gap Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe gender wage gap is a complicated issue that has persisted despite the Equal Pay Act of 1963 that promised equal pay for equal work. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2010, women on average earned 81 cents for every dollar men earned, creating concern among scholars, policy makers, and the press, and lingering questions as to cause (2011). While the wage gap has narrowed considerably in the nearly 50 years since the passage of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, many contend that theRead MoreHow The Housework Is Divided Among Men And Women970 Words   |  4 PagesLoi 1 Ryan Loi Professor Clarkson ENG1100 October 9, 2015 A Generation of Housework When it comes to managing a household, household chores are important tasks that must be done. To avoid doing these chores would be neglecting the home and therefore, would create an unpleasan t atmosphere to live in. Every person who lives in the household must contribute and fulfill their responsibility to ensure that their house is as well maintained as possible. What is interesting though is how theRead MoreKorean Culture And Gender Roles990 Words   |  4 PagesIn South Korean culture family, gender roles, and customs all intertwine, in a traditional Korean family your role in the family is determined by gender and age. However, in recent years it seems like the traditional family dynamics and gender roles are being redefined by the newer generations. South Korean families are leaving behind the traditional family practices, gender roles inside the Korean culture are traditional male and female roles, and lastly customs are hugely influenced by ConfucianismRead MoreThe Fundamental Agents Of Socialization976 Words   |  4 Pagesof the most fundamental agents of socialization, the social construct of traditional families had continued to be molded and transformed by events in history. Most families in the United States no longer thrive within the traditional boundaries and guidelines set by our forefathers. At first, families within the United States consisted of a father, a mother and a few children; however, due to historical events, traditional families shifted to include same-sex couples, single parents, and fewer childrenRead MoreGender Roles in Vietnam761 Words   |  4 PagesChange, continuity and gender roles in Vietnam In detail, discuss how the gender roles of women and men in Vietnam have changed and continued over time and the causes of these changes. In addition outline how these changing gender roles have affected the status of both men and women in Vietnam. Vietnam is a country where gender roles are undergoing vast changes, especially the women’s status in the public spheres, which includes their educational attainment, earnings, occupational status, jobRead MoreGender Roles in Christine Ebers Women and Alcohol in a Highland Mayan Town529 Words   |  3 PagesGender Roles in Christine Ebers Women and Alcohol in a Highland Mayan Town It is apparent from Christine Ebers research in her work, Women and Alcohol in a Highland Maya Town, that the gender roles and relations for men and women in the town of Chenalho have gone through somewhat dramatic changes since the 1960s and 1970s. They have gone from clearly defined roles for both men and women, to a more skewed framework that allows for a great deal of gray area. These roles have not only changedRead MoreChildhood Under The Industrial Capitalism System Essay915 Words   |  4 Pagesthree themes: Sociology of family, Gender Studies, and Division of labor. The Sociology of Family is intend to examine family as a unit of socialization, in which it regards to different sociological perspectives, like the nuclear family, gender role, and concepts about childhood under the Industrial Capitalism system. To better analyze the result in relating to this sociological study, it is easier to explain the data under the following sub-titles: Changing roles of family members This section

Business Plan For A Business Essay - 1708 Words

Whether you are planning to start a brand-new business, expand an existing company, or get financing for a business venture, you will need to write a business plan. A business plan not only lends your business a sense of credibility, but also helps you to cover all your bases, increasing your chances of success. Although writing a business plan can be a lengthy, intimidating project, it is not necessarily difficult. Here is an overview of how to write a successful business plan. What to Include in Your Business Plan Your business plan needs to demonstrate that you have thoroughly considered all aspects of running your business. To that end, the standard business plan has nine major sections, covering everything from your business s mission statement to a detailed financial analysis. Executive Summary The first - and most important - section of your business plan is the executive summary. This section is so important that it should literally be the first thing the reader sees - even before the table of contents! However, it should also be written last, as you ll have a better understanding of the overall message of your business plan after you ve researched and written the other sections. One of the most important parts of the executive summary is the mission statement. The mission statement is only three or four sentences long, but it should pack the most punch out of everything else in your business plan: Those four sentences are responsible for not onlyShow MoreRelatedBusiness Plan For A Business1223 Words   |  5 Pagesyour own business is to prepare a business plan. A business plan is a written document describing your business future. It tells potential investors and customers what your goals are for the company and how you plan to achieve that. You will need to define your business, products and services, operating procedures and the route your company intends to take to achieve the goals that are set forth. This information summarizes the sense of your business in a single document. Business plans are inherentlyRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business998 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Prior to initiating a business, it is necessary for the management and the people involved to make sure that a proper business plan is set out in order to understand the needs of the business. In addition to this, it should also be made sure that the market is properly analysed and all the competitors are studied before taking any step related to the new business. Every business has different needs and is initiated in a different scenario. The business plan under evaluation in this paperRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1276 Words   |  6 PagesA business plan is sometimes ignored by some people, but I think it is important to develop a good business plan. I think this should be an interesting topic to discuss about. Yesterday, I receive a phone call from a new client asking for help to build a business plan for his new business. My role in this part as a business consultant is to not blindly do the work for my client but asking them questions to generate information about his i deas, and level of involvement to better help him build hisRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business840 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Business plans are statement of a business goals, reason they are attainable and plans on meeting it’ (FoxBuisness, 2013). A business plan maps the course and gives a detail plan on how these goals are achievable. It is also important to establish a solid business plan for funding. Some small business use venture capital, bank loans, personal funds, and private investors as sources of funding. The business plan must therefore, sell investors. A well-written convincing business plan can buy investorsRead MoreAn Business Plan For A Business Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagescelebration. This business sells games and other entertainment products. This business is commercial, but has a social conscience. It wants to sell to service a need, but also hopes to enrich the lives of those it serves as it addresses a need for meaning, not just connection or celebration. This business produces original IP to compete in the entertainment industry. This business will not produce entertainment that is divisive or for purely solitary consumption. This business might start withRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1221 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness plans are documents used for planning out specific details about your business. They can range in size from a simple few sentences to more than 100 pages with formal sections, a table of contents and a title page. According to Entrepreneur Magazine, typical business plans average 15 to 20 pages. Comprehensive business plans have three sections business concept, marketplace and financial and these are broken down into seven components that include the overview or summary of the plan, a descriptionRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1546 Words   |  7 Pagesenterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative or risk†. They are usually characterized as people with greatly valued self-reliance, with high optimism and people who who strive for distinction through excellence. I am interested in starting my own basketball business and becoming an entrepreneur. In order to start a business I need a business plan. From research, I have learned that my business plan needs to have an executive summary, identification of my business, financial recordsRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business2550 Words   |  11 PagesActivities 1. Review current menu in terms of business focus 2. Get staff feedback 3. Get customer feedback 4. Point out restaurant goals and business 5. Write menu redesigning proposal 6. Get restaurant owners approval 7. Initiate stake holder support 8. Get stake holders approval and contribution 9. Redesign new menu 10. Trail with restaurant stake holders 11. Modify the trail menu 12. Mass print the modified RESOURCES 1. Restaurant business plan, current menu, current and historical sales reportRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1866 Words   |  8 Pages Business Plan Buiness model in theory and practice according to Wikipedia is used for a broad range of informal and forma l descriptions to represent the core aspects of a business, including the purposes of that business, its process, target customers, of ferings, strategies , infrastructure, organizational structures, trading practice, and operational processes and policies . Below, we would look at two kinds of business model (franchise and tradition al business) , their pros and cons, o r theirRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business2550 Words   |  11 PagesActivities 1. Review current menu in terms of business focus 2. Get staff feedback 3. Get customer feedback 4. Point out restaurant goals and business 5. Write menu redesigning proposal 6. Get restaurant owners approval 7. Initiate stake holder support 8. Get stake holders approval and contribution 9. Redesign new menu 10. Trail with restaurant stake holders 11. Modify the trail menu 12. Mass print the modified RESOURCES 1. Restaurant business plan, current menu, current and historical sales report

The, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness - 1728 Words

The words â€Å"†¦ that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† are the building blocks that gave rise to one of the greatest countries, the United States of America. Without the help of influential leaders, such as Thomas Paine and his thought provoking writing Common Sense, this country’s independence would have ceased to exist. In April of 1775 the war began which would be fought for 8 more years to end British rule over the 13 colonies. The fight for independence was not easy, but Paine wrote words of encouragement for all Americans to consider. Paine wrote his pamphlet Common Sense months after the battle of Lexington and Concord in 1775. He meant to convince and inspire Americans that the time to declare independence was now. The pamphlet, published in January of 1776, was separated into five sections including an appendix, each focu sing on a different reason why America should become self-governing. The first section titled, â€Å"Of the origin and design of government in general,† focused on government as a necessary due to natural human vices. Paine states â€Å"Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He moves on suggesting that a republic would be the best form of government, and not a monarchy. Paine criticizes the complexity of the British monarchy and how there is no form ofShow MoreRelatedThe Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Declaration of Independence declares that human beings have certain unalienable rights, â€Å"that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† Through slavery, these rights were systematically denied to a select class of people. George Santayana (1905) commented that, â€Å"those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.† Although abortion is legal in this country, the debate on whether it should be or not is far from settled. In November of 2014, Colorado Amendment 67 (TheRead MoreThe, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness1679 Words   |  7 Pageshold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. These words represent the ideals of our country, but at the time that they were written, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness were withheld from many members of american society. Racism, the belief that the physical appearance of a person or group determines their capabilities and that oneRead MoreThe, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness1999 Words   |  8 Pages​â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness† are the ideals the United States was founded on. This means that everyone has a right to live and do what makes them ha ppy. They are able to do this without fear of punishment, retaliation, or persecution. However, some countries throughout history, believed that this was not the correct way for their people to live. They felt that the government should have absolute control over everything the people did. In light of this, such a country may be ledRead MoreThe On Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness1467 Words   |  6 Pages In the United States, we really put an emphasis on liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It is one of our founding principles; however, in some areas, we seem to want to limit that. For example, in our education system, our society has been arguing for quite some time about whether or not there should be options or whether everyone should be required to attend the standard brick-and-mortar public schools. While those schools serve a critical purpose in our society, that does not mean that otherRead MoreLiberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness2764 Words   |  12 PagesAccordin g to the Declaration of Independence, one of the documents on which our country bases its government on, â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† So is there a reason, or cause that someone could lose these God given rights? What would bring about the stripping of a citizens birthright of the enumerated freedoms, laid out by the United States Constitution? Perhaps a violationRead MoreLiberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness2015 Words   |  9 Pages Thomas Jefferson, as well as other American enlightenment thinkers at the time, held the belief that â€Å"all Men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their CREATOR, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.† (US, 1776) This line from the Declaration of Independence does not make a distinction between any groups of people – it specifies that ALL men have access to these unalienable rights, which proves to be in conflict with the systemRead MoreLife, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness789 Words   |  4 Pagesshould declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We reaffirm today these truths to self-evident, that all people are created equal, that they are endowed by creation with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. - That these rights are secured by Governments instituted among Men and deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, - And when Government has become destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alterRead MoreLife, Liberty, And The Pursuit Of Happiness902 Words   |  4 PagesAs a citizen of the United States, you are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This is a VIRTUE that everyone embarks on; however, what if you were told you were doing it wrong? Aristotle begins his STORY stating that â€Å"EVERY art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim.† He goes on to say then, becaus e these ends at which we aim are onlyRead MoreLife, Liberty, The Pursuit Of Happiness1852 Words   |  8 Pages Life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness; this is one prime reasons why America is so great. Very few places can you go and get what America has to offer. ‘Of, relating to, or characteristic of the United States or its inhabitants†, this is the definition of ‘American’ according to Google. Why is this ‘relevant’, you might ask? Lets take a look back, Apollo 13 and Argo films showed just what its like to represent America, and embodied what the American dream is made of, and what it is like to comeRead MoreWomen, Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† Despite our founding stating that all men are created equal, the course of history has proven otherwise. Throughout the 19th and 20th century, reforms were m ade, but the lack of equality still remained unresolved. Today the conquest for racial equality and reform still remains a prevalent

Visual Analysis Free Essays

string(54) " are all that are important for our present purposes\." Visual Analysis of Mediated Images Though a visual may be analysed in many ways, of late a convention has been established to study under Six major schools of thought. 1. The personal perspective deals with an emotional subjective opinion. We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘What do I think of the picture’. It’s the first response or first thought that crosses your mind on viewing the picture. It bears personal bias and prejudices. 2. The historical perspective helps to determine the importance of the work based on the time period that it was created in. ‘When was this created? What was the social setup at that period of time? 3. The technical perspective tries to draw a relation b/w the medium and the message. ‘What medium has been used to create the message? How has the creator expressed himself through the medium chosen. 4. The ethical perspective looks at the moral and ethical responsibilities of the artist. ‘What are the moral responsibilities of the creator? Is his portrayal of the image ethical? 5. The cultural perspective relates the symbols used in the image to the society. ‘What symbols has the creator used? What is the message conveyed by them? 6. The critical perspective is a rational conclusion that the viewer draws from the image. It is a personal reaction though free of bias and prejudice. ‘What have I concluded after critically analyzing the picture? How different was my first opinion from the second? Aim of Critical analysis: A producer of messages must have an understanding of the culture of the audience and use symbols that are comprehensible by them. It helps a viewer understand, interpret and appreciate art. List all the  Objects and  Elements One must notice all the objects and elements in the picture and draw a distinction between the most important and the less important. The placements of elements gives a sense of movement within the picture hence the positioning of objects must be noted. Centre, left, right, top and bottom. Shadows and lighting suggest what part is in focus and give a sense of depth. The location helps in interpretation of the message. One must categorize the purpose as news, art, personal, or any other. The List †¢ 4 girls †¢ Water †¢ Old building †¢ Small boys †¢ Road The Composition Placement of Objects Foreground: Girls in centre †¢ Background: Water + Kids (left) playing †¢ Background: Brightly lit Building on the right †¢ Background: High contrast / Darker building behind the boys The girls in the centre are the subject of the picture. The water in the background seems to be coming from a nearby hose pipe or fire hydrant. The girls seem drenched in water. One can see small boys still playing in the water in the background. Study visual cues Shadows and lighting †¢Illuminated building on right hand side †¢Light source is in front of the girls at an angle above them †¢Building behind the boys is in shady region The light and shadow suggests its little after 15:00 hours. It sets the mood of summer and playful indulgence of kids by drenching themselves. There is a sense of innocence. Study visual cues†¦ Colour †¢Objective- perception of colour its characteristics †¢Comparative- association of colour with objects, events, emotions †¢Subjective- Every different colour has different associations in different cultures and societies. †¢The girls dark complexion. †¢The light shades worn suggests summer season. †¢The dark shades suggests old and shanty town. Form The triangle shape of the girls is a dynamic shape. ts base gives a sense of stability. They are also in a group and seem like a whole unit. The buildings give a sense of serenity and form the base for the girls that seem in front of it. ‘Eight’ depth Cues Many representational visual texts give a very strong feeling of depth despite the fact that they are painted on flat surfaces that lack a ny depth. In trying to depict depth, there are several restrictions on the techniques that an artist can use. First, most visual texts, like paintings, drawings, illustrations, and photographs, are two-dimensional. There is no actual depth in the artwork so one must understand, at least intuitively, what information is in the environment that allow us to perceive depth. These sources of information are commonly called depth or distance cues. A consequence of the two-dimensional nature of painting and pictures is that we lose all the depth information that comes from the fact that we have two eyes. These binocular, or two-eye, depth cues require true depth and thus we will not discuss them in context with conventional visual texts. For example, there is the binocular depth cue called disparity. Disparity arises from the fact that our two eyes have a slightly different view of the world. To allow you to see disparity requires either real depth or two images developed as if from different positions like our eyes. The artist, in trying to paint or draw, is, therefore, limited to depth cues that (a) need no more than one eye to work, and (b) do not require a moving world. Fortunately there are a collection of such depth cues, a subset of monocular cues called pictorial cues by some authors (Goldstein, 1989). 1. Interposition 2. Space 3. Size 4. Colour 5. Lighting 6. Textural gradient 7. Time 8. Perspective 1. Interposition The first depth cue to be discussed here is interposition which is the partial blocking of a more distant object by a nearer object. Note how the the building is blocked by the girls. In fact, if you notice the kid behind the girls on your right is partially blocking the building too. But, it is the girls who land up blocking him too. Thus creating an illusion as to what is in the background and what is in the front. It is the interposition, overlap, that causes the sense of depth to arise. Usually the impression of depth caused by interposition alone is not very strong. Notice the foreground figures of two girls with partially blocked figures of other two taking a piggy ride, which are all that are important for our present purposes. You read "Visual Analysis" in category "Essay examples" Here relative size and even relative height play little role in giving the depth order of the various figures (all the figures are roughly the same level and same size). Shadowing plays an important role in giving each of the figures their sense of three-dimensionality, but to tell who is in what position relative to another, the principle cue is interposition. 2. Space Space is the frame in which an image is located. With a natural scene, the space depends on how close you are to the subject. Standing in an open field gives the feeling of a large amount of space and enhances the feeling of depth. If an object is close to the eyes, depth perception is limited. Distance is related to space and helps in our perception of depth. There is a lot of space behind the girls suggesting they are far from the buildings. The water is in the background and the wet girls suggest they had been in the water previously. 3. Size Size can help create the illusion of the depth perception if the viewer is aware of the object’s actual size. A jumbo jet seen from a distance is a small bird sized object. If someone has no idea what the jumbo jets are, then the viewer does not react to this depth cue. Likewise, in this photograph we can guess average size (both height and size) and average size of two storied building in the backdrop we become aware of the depth (both in terms of space and distance) between the girls (foreground) and the building (background). Size, consequently, is closely related to our ability to determine an object’s distance. Distance is related to space and helps in our perception of depth. Size also is related to scale and mental attention. Without knowing an object’s size, we have to view it next to an object of known size in order to determine its size. 4. Colour Correct interpretation of colour, and especially lighting cues, allows the beholder to determine the shape of objects, and thus their arrangement in space. The colour of distant objects is also shifted towards the blue end of the spectrum. (e. g. distant mountains. ) Painters, notably Cezanne, employ â€Å"warm† pigments (red, yellow and orange) to bring features forward towards the viewer, and â€Å"cool† ones (blue, violet, and blue-green) to indicate the part of a form that curves away from the picture plane. High contrast pictures with great differences between light and dark tones seem closer than objects with more neutral tones colour. 5. Lighting The exact shape and description of the shadows changes depending on the direction of the light. There are certain general rules about shadows. First, in a place with only one source of light, e. g. outside, the shadows from all the objects in the area all go in the same direction. As a corollary of this rule, it is certainly true for all natural lights, and for most artificial lights, that the light comes from above to some degree. We do not usually experience getting illuminated from the floor. Second, for a solid object sticking up the side of the object in shadow is the side away from the light but for a hole in the ground, the shadow is on the side near the light. Shadow can play a very powerful role in defining form by giving the object a three-dimensional feel as in the title to this page. In addition, artists can take good advantage of shadow to define form by highlighting how different portions of an object are at different depths and herefore the object closer to the light will cast a shadow on the more distant object. Shadow can play a broader role in defining depth between objects since objects that are in shadow must be farther from the light than objects that are not in shadow. Differences in light intensities can communicate depth. Carefully crafted lighting design provides subject’s separation from background. If brightness level of the back light is slightly higher than the lights in fron t then this separation is more distinct. However, no backlight has been used in this photograph. Yet, the prevalence of shadows (largely in mid-space of the picture plane and the shows of the subject indicate subject’s volume and provides the viewer with reasonable illusion of depth perspective. 6. Textural gradient Related in a sense to relative size but a depth cue in its own right is what has been termed texture gradient. Most surfaces, such as walls and roads and a field of flowers in bloom, have a texture. As the surface gets farther away from us this texture gets finer and appears smoother (Gibson, 1950). A surface or field that recedes in depth has a texture that gets finer. That is very different from a wall where the surface is approximately the same distance from a person at all points. For example, imagine yourself standing and staring at a brick wall which, instead of receding in depth like a cobblestone road, rises up in front of you. Here the texture, in this case the brick alternating with the mortar, will have about the same roughness all over the surface and provide a clue that the surface does not recede in depth. In addition, texture may play a role in helping us determine the size of an object. Regardless of how far an object is away from us, it covers roughly the same amount of surface, and thus texture, which can help us determine the actual size of an object (Gibson, 1950). 7. Time Time and space are intricately related concepts that find expression in visual messages. In one sense, time as a depth cue refers to the first element a viewer sees in a frame. That picture will be in the foreground of the viewer’s mind, with other images seen later in the background. 8. Perspective It is a complex depth perception cue due to cultural factor which comes into play each time we try to interpret depth. However, Perspective, in the context of vision and visual perception, is the way in which objects appear to the eye based on their spatial attributes, or their dimensions and the position of the eye relative to the objects. As objects become more distant, they appear smaller, because their angular diameter (visual angle) decreases. Perspective is also seen in the way the parallel lines of how railway tracks appear to be meeting at a distant point (the vanishing point) on the horizon. When used in this sense, the ‘horizon’ is always at the level of the viewer’s eye. Because the Earth is round, the true horizon (the line dividing the surface and the sky) is lower than this level. The difference is imperceptibly small when standing on the surface, but noticeable from great height (a person standing on a mountain can see further than someone at ground level). According to Evelyn Hatcher, there are three major forms of perspective which she details in her book Visual Metaphors: A Methodological Study in Visual Communication. These are as follows: Illusionary Perspective: An illusionary perspective can be achieved through size, colour, lighting, interposition, and linear perspective. When you stand on a railroad track and look down the ties, the steel rails seem to converge into a single area, or vanishing point, in the distance. This trait of parallel lines when seen at a distance is called linear perspective. This aspect of illusionary perspective that provides the illusion of three dimensional depth in a painting or a photograph is what artists were trying to duplicate with the aid of Leonardo box and camera obscura. Geometrical Perspective: In geometrical perspective the artist shows near figures in the lower portion of the picture and objects farther away higher in the frame on a vertical line above the near object. This type of perspective is common among traditional Japanese and Mayan artwork. Children often exhibit this type of perspective in their drawings. Conceptual Perspective: Conceptual perspective is compositional trait that relies on a more symbolic definition of depth perception than the other types of perspective. It can be divided into two types: multi-view and social. With the multi-view perspective, a viewer can see many different sides of an object at the same time. The picture is often an X-ray, or transparent, view of the object. Near objects overlap far objects only by the outside edges or lines that make up their shapes. Pablo Picasso liked to use this type of perspective. In social perspective the most important person in a group picture, a government or corporate leader, is larger in size than other, less important people. A viewer often assumes power relationships because of social perspective. In a picture of a couple the man’s dominance over the woman often is signified by the man being nearer and larger in the frame with his hand resting on or arm wrapped around the woman’s shoulder. Over the past three decades, the feminist movement has made advertisers and others more sensitive to nonverbal negative stereotypes such as these. Depth 8’ Depth cues 1. Interposition 2. Space 3. Size 4. Colour 5. Lighting 6. Textural gradient 7. Time 8. Perspective Many representational visual texts give a very strong feeling of depth despite the fact that they are painted on flat surfaces that lack any depth. In trying to depict depth, there are several restrictions on the techniques that an artist can use. First, most visual texts, like paintings, drawings, illustrations, and photographs, are two-dimensional. There is no actual depth in the artwork so one must understand, at least intuitively, what information is in the environment that allow us to perceive depth. These sources of information are commonly called depth or distance cues. A consequence of the two-dimensional nature of painting and pictures is that we lose all the depth information that comes from the fact that we have two eyes. These binocular, or two-eye, depth cues require true depth and thus we will not discuss them in context with conventional visual texts. For example, there is the binocular depth cue called disparity. Disparity arises from the fact that our two eyes have a slightly different view of the world. To allow you to see disparity requires either real depth or two images developed as if from different positions like our eyes. The artist, in trying to paint or draw, is, therefore, limited to depth cues that (a) need no more than one eye to work, and (b) do not require a moving world. Fortunately there are a collection of such depth cues, a subset of monocular cues called pictorial cues by some authors (Goldstein, 1989). The first depth cue to be discussed here is interposition which is the partial blocking of a more distant object by a nearer object. Note how the the building is blocked by the girls. Infact, if you notice the kid behind the girls on your right is partially blocking the building too. But, it is the girls who land up blocking him too. Thus creating an illusion as to what is in the background and what is in the front. It is the interposition, overlap, that causes the sense of depth to arise. Usually the impression of depth caused by interposition alone is not very strong. Notice the foreground figures of two girls with partially blocked figures of other two taking a piggy ride, which are all that are important for our present purposes. Here relative size and even relative height play little role in giving the depth order of the various figures (all the figures are roughly the same level and same size). Shadowing plays an important role in giving each of the figures their sense of three-dimensionality, but to tell who is in what position relative to another, the principle cue is interposition. There is a lot of space behind the girls suggesting they are far from the buildings. The water is in the background and the wet girls suggest they had been in the water previously. Movement †¢The girls have moved fro near the water to the position they are in now. Where was the picture made? What do u think was its purpose? * The picture seems to be clicked in some Afro-American suburb. * It could have been taken to accompany a feature article on the summer heat. Personal Perspective * What do I think of the visual? * Omniphasism â€Å"All in Balance† * Rick Williams philosopher, photographer ; educator at the University of Oregon * Theory that combines the rational and intuitive aspects of the mind. Omniphasism was thought of by Rick Williams, a philosopher, photographer, and educator at the University of Oregon develop the theory Omniphasism. It’s a theory that attempts to combine the rational and intuitive aspects of the mind into a balanced whole. William uses 8 steps for analyzing a visual message, using his Omniphasism tech called a â€Å"personal Impact Assessment† What is my first emotional response to the visual? Do I like it? Dislike it? How do I feel about the image? Its a picture of teenage girls who have just played in water. It’s pleasant to look at. Personal Impact Assessment â€Å"Part of the idea of going from primary words to associative words to significant words is to move away from Literal interpretation of the photo to a symbolic understanding of it. ~  Rich Williams Personal Impact Assessment 8 Steps: 1. Take time with the image 2. List Primary Words 3. List associative words 4. Select the most important associative words 5. Pair primary and associative words 6. Relate each pair to yourself 7. Review your inner symbolism 8. Write a story Take time with the Image * Does the stor y Stimulate or Alienate? Its an isolated moment that rests on composition. * What is the story or message? Some girls played in the water to beat the heat. List Primary Words * Visual Cues * Objects * Feelings Primary words * Group of 4 girls * Water * Sun Old buildings * Light shade clothes List Associative Words Observe each primary word and link it to your thought. One must write down all words that come to ones mind on reading each of the primary words. Associative words * Group of 4 girls :  happy, wet, Afro American * Water:  Hose pipe, Fire hydrant * Sun:  Summer, heat, daytime * Old buildings:  poor neighbourhood * Happy :  cool, relaxed Select the most important associative words Among the associative words one word would be closest to its primary word underline or select that word. This is the most important associative word. Choose one word out of the associative words for each primary word. Pair Primary and Associative words Write the primary and most important associative word together. * Group of 4 girls :  Afro American * Water:  Fire hydrant * Sun:  Summer-heat * Old buildings:  poor neighbourhood * Happy :  cool Relate each pair to Yourself Make note of the thoughts that come to your mind on viewing each pair of words. What does each pair suggest? * Group of 4 girls :  Afro american  poor * Water:  Fire hydrant  wet, sultry * Sun:  Summer-heat scorcher * Old buildings:  poor neighborhood unaffordability of luxury * Happy   cool  relief Review your Inner Symbolism See if the conclusions drawn from the pairs link to any conflict, event, emotion, value or feeling. * List inner conflicts, emotions, values or feelings The summer heat is hard to bear . Water is natures boon to mankind Write a story Add up all your thoughts and write a summary or a story. What is the story in the image? A group of Afro-American girls decide to cool of in the summer heat by playing with some water from a fire hydrant. Historical Perspective * When do you think was the image made? In the 1980’s or after. Is there a specific style that the image imitates? The historical perspective helps to understand current trends in terms of their roots in technology and philosophies of the past. Where did the image come from? What was the setup at that time? What is the background of the image? these questions help us to infer meanings. Technical Perspective One can evaluate the production techniques. Has the producer used the technology at hand to its best in generating the message? Has it aided in delivering the message as intended effectively. * What medium has been used? film * What techniques were employed? A street shot clicked without the subject noticing it been taken * How was it produced? With an SLR camera * Is it of good quality? yes (look at grain size, gama, composition, content, shutter speed etc. ) Ethical Perspective This is the moral and ethical analysis of the visual. It applies to both the viewer and the producer of the visual. Categorical Imperative * Immanuel Kant, German philosopher from the east principality of KOnisberg 18th Century * Categorical (unconditional / without exception) * â€Å"Right is Right† * Do your duty The right thing must be done under even the most extreme conditions. Once a rule is established for a proposed action or idea, behavior and actions must be consistently applied and always in accordance with it. One does his/ her duty. In the ethics of the 18th-century German philosopher Immanuel Kant, founder of critical philosophy, a moral law that is unconditional or absolute for all agents, the validity or claim of which does not depend on any ulterior motive or end. â€Å"Thou shalt not steal,† for example, is categorical as distinct from the hypothetical imperatives associated with desire, such as â€Å"Do not steal if you want to be popular. For Kant there was only one such categorical imperative, which he formulated in various ways. â€Å"Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law† is a purely formal or logical statement and expresses the condition of the rationality of conduct rather than that of its morality, which is expressed in another Kantian formula:  "So act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in another, always as an end, and never as only a means. † Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham ; John Stuart Mill (British Philosophers) * Belief: â€Å"The greatest good for the greatest number of people† * Analysis of the consequence : Outcome must do good to most people In ethics, a tradition stemming from the late 18th- and 19th-century English philosophers and economists Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill that an action is right if it tends to promote happiness and wrong if it tends to produce the reverse of happiness—not just the happiness of the performer of the action but also that of everyone affected by it. Utilitarianism is an effort to provide an answer to the practical question â€Å"What ought a man to do? † Its answer is that he ought to act so as to produce the best consequences possible. Eg: A gruesome image must be published or printed only if it would evoke a positive reaction in maximum of the viewers. Hedonism Hedonism is the philosophy that pleasure is of ultimate importance, the most important pursuit. The name derives from the Greek word for â€Å"delight†. * A student of Socrates, Aristippus founded this ethical philosophy on the basis of pleasure. Aristippus believed that people should â€Å"act to maximize pleasure† now and not worry about the future. * He referred to intellectual pleasure not physical. * Pleasures of the mind * â€Å"I Possess I am not Possessed† * Aesthetic pleasure that we get out of a picture Golden Mean  (Finding a compromise b/w the two extreme points of an action or view. In philosophy, especially that of Aristotle, the golden mean is the desirable middle between two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency. To the Greek mentality, it was an attribute of beauty. Both ancients and moderns realized that â€Å"there is a close association in mathematics between beauty and truth†. The poet John Keats, in his Ode on a Grecian Urn, put it this way: Beauty is truth, truth beauty, that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. The Greeks believed there to be three concomitants of beauty: symmetry, proportion, and harmony. This triad of principles infused their life. They were very much attuned to beauty as an object of love and something that was to be imitated and reproduced in their lives, architecture, Paideia and politics. They judged life by this mentality. Golden Rule * â€Å"Love your neighbor as yourself† * Be humane do not harm others by your actions The Golden Rule which stems from ethic of reciprocity is a fundamental moral value which â€Å"refers to the balance in an interactive system such that each party has both rights and duties, and the subordinate norm of complementarity states that one’s rights are the other’s obligation. † In essence, it is an ethical code that states one has a right to just treatment, and a responsibility to ensure justice for others. Reciprocity is arguably the most essential basis for the modern concept of human rights, though it is not without its critics. Many assign the imperative commandment of Golden Rule as instruction for a positive only form of reciprocity. A key element of the golden rule is that a person attempting to live by this rule treats all people, not just members of his or her in-group with consideration. The golden rule, with roots in a wide range of world cultures, is well suited to be a standard to which different cultures could appeal in resolving conflicts. Principal philosophers and religious figures have stated it in different ways. Veil of Ignorance John Rawls (1971) â€Å"Put the shoe on the other foot. * All people are equal * Eliminating all prejudice and discrimination The original position is a hypothetical situation developed by American philosopher John Rawls as a thought experiment to replace the imagery of a savage state of nature of prior political philosophers like Thomas Hobbes. In social contract theory, persons in the state of nature agree to the provisions of a contract that defines the basic rights and duties of citizens in a civil society. In Rawls’s theory, Justice as Fairness, the original position plays the role that the state of nature does in the classical social contract tradition of Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke. The original position figures prominently in his book, A Theory of Justice, and it is one of the most influential ideas in twentieth-century philosophy. It has influenced a variety of thinkers from a broad spectrum of philosophical orientations. As a thought experiment, the original position is a hypothetical designed to accurately reflect what principles of justice would be manifest in a society premised on free and fair cooperation between citizens, including respect for liberty, and an interest in reciprocity. Questions to be asked while analysing a visual from Ethical / Moral Perspective†¦ as per Dr Demi Elliot Poynter Jamison, chair, Media Ethics Press Policy at the University of South Florida at St. Petersberg. 1. Does the taking and displaying of the picture fit the social responsibility of the professional involved? 2. Has any ones rights been violated in taking and displaying the picture? 3. Does the display of the image meet the needs of the viewer? 4. Is the picture aesthetically appealing? 5. Does the picture choice reflect moderation? 6. Does the professional choice reflect empathy for the subjects experience? 7. Could a professional justify the choice if he/she didn’t know which of the parties (subject, shooter or viewer) he/ she would turn out to be? 8. Does the visual Image cause unjustified harm Cultural Perspective * Identify the Symbols used, and * Determine their Meaning for the society as a whole. What is the story and the symbolism involved with the elements in the visual message? * What do they say about current cultural values? (It is related to the semiotic process) The story revolves around the Afro-American people in the United States of America. Historically, the country has been dominated by a settler society of religiously and ethnically diverse Whites. The heaviest bur dens of racism in the country have fallen upon Native Americans, Asian Americans, African Americans, Latin Americans and some other immigrant groups and their descendants. Major racially structured institutions include slavery, Indian reservations, segregation, residential schools (for Native Americans), and internment camps. Racial stratification has occurred in employment, housing, education and government. Formal racial discrimination was largely banned in the mid-20th century, and it came to be perceived as socially unacceptable and/or morally repugnant as well, yet racial politics remain a major phenomenon as witnessed during the 44th Presidential Elections. Racist attitudes, or prejudice, are still held by moderate portions of the U. S population. Members of every American ethnic group have perceived racism in their dealings with other groups. Critical Perspective An analysis of a visual to arrive at a ‘Rational’, ‘Objective’ and ‘Thoughtful’ Conclusion. What is my final opinion about the picture? How does my current view differ from the previous? Conclusion â€Å"Analysis is ego-driven. The main thing is that it always reveals the person making the analysis — not really the piece itself? ~  David Lodge It’s a cyclic process. You will find below four images. You may undertake a visual analysis, based on what you have learnt so far: How to cite Visual Analysis, Essay examples

Corporate Responsibility and Governance Model for Mental Health

Question: Discuss about the Report for Corporate Responsibility and Governance of Model for Mental Health. Answer: The management of various organizations should ensure that they govern the businesses and all its tasks for the betterment of the institution. The employees should ensure that they follow the rules and regulations set by the corporation. It makes things easy and ensures the smooth running of the enterprise. The ethical standards are highly important on a day to day basis as they ensure that the managers, employees and other staff act accordingly in the business. They ensure that the people have values such as trust, good behavior, fairness and also kindness in the organization. Every organization develops its standards that are meaningful to the business it operates. There is not consistent set of standards that should be followed by the companies and any enterprise has the right to choose what it thinks is best for the tasks it operates. The ethical behavior among the company and employees ensures the good relationships between the customers and the business partners. They standards should be maintained at the workplace is not that easy but the setting of expectations and doing the right thing makes them applicable. The discussion outlines about the ethical framework and dilemmas. The persons should highly focus on the ethics to ensure they act in an honest and trustworthy manner in all the interactions. They should encourage the employees to make the right decisions for the corporations but not for personal advantage. Moreover, it ensures that the individual have the courage to report any arising matter to the authorities. The company programs from time to time give a lay out of the standards and other expected practices as they relate to the ethical behavior and decisions. On the other hand, the corporate culture should be maintained to ensure the success of the business. The core values should be established and the persons should work to develop a culture of respect, trust and honesty. The management of the organization should also set the standards that should be followed at the workplace. They act as the role models to other subordinates at the workplace by excising the ethical behavior and actions. The aim of this is to acquire the business practices an d also ensure that all the other departments are functional as expected. The rules and regulations set should be enforced from time to time across all the levels of the organization. The managers should help the employees and other staff members navigate the ethical dilemmas that they face during their work. The ethical standards have a great impact on how an organization conducts its business. The prosperity of a business highly depends on the behavior of the people at the organization (Fisher, 2013). The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill had a great impact on the environment and its living organisms. The well exploded due to the methane gas and it led to the loss of lives of eleven workers while the others sustained various injuries. The rescue team managed to rescue the employees through the boats and helicopters. Moreover, the following day it was discovered that the well where the oil was being mined was leaking without any control. The oil highly covered the Gulf of Mexico and it spread to the oceans. The management of the BP oil spill lied to the public about what was happening. It did so to ensure that the people never got scared or face heavy fines in a court of law. The US Government estimated the flow to be approximately four point nine million barrels. The efforts to curb the flow did not bear any fruits as it was reported that in the year 2102 the well was still leaking. There was a massive response to ensure that the beaches, wetlands and the estuaries were protected from t he oil spread. There were controlled burns to help minimize the oil and also cleanup activities that lasted four days a week. The BP oil was blamed for lacking an insufficient safety system that would help contain the oil spill. The White House Commission blamed the BP and its partners for cost cutting decisions that led to the acquiring of safety systems that were inadequate. However, in the year 2012 BP pleaded guilty to the 11 counts of manslaughter, misdemeanors and felony. On the other hand, it was to be monitored by the government of its safety practices and ethics. The Environmental Protection Agency made a public announcement that BP would be banned temporarily from accessing the new contracts with the US government (Salkin, 2008). The management had no ethical standards during their business operations and it resulted to massive destruction of the environment and its living organisms. The well leakage was a secret until the oil was leaking uncontrollably. The managers of BP oil never disclosed the issue to the public. It is against the ethical standards as the organization would have been honest to the public. They lacked the trust the people had believed in them in all their activities. The clients felt dishonored as the organization depended on them for its survival and operations from day to day. It was the duty of the corporation to be true to the public and also ensure that the oil spill was contained by having the right safety systems. The managers would have been a role model to the employees and other staff members in excising the ethical standards. It would have ensured that the ethical dilemma would have been solved in the right way by giving out the correct information to the people (Kleinig et al, 2011). The ethical framework ensures that it protects the rights of the clients by ensuring that it does not disclose the private data. On the other hand, it uses effective problem solving techniques to counter the differences in the value systems. The crucial service should be delivered to all the customers. Moreover, there should be recognition and discussion regarding the potential ethical issues and dilemmas. The ethical decision ensures that process of evaluation and choosing the alternatives in the manner that is consistent to the ethical principles. The unethical conduct occurs in various situations and it is difficult to be detected inside an organization and a breach of confidentiality often occurs. It mostly occurs when an individual is overworked, worried or stressed at the workplace due to various situations. The matter should be reported as soon as possible to the supervisors or any manager to ensure the organization runs smoothly (Rowson, 2006). The ethical dilemmas in a business should be addressed in the right manner to ensure the corporation runs smoothly. First of all, the persons that investigate and attempt to resolve the ethical dilemmas must be clear about their values and motivations. They act with greed and vengeance rather than justice for their own benefit. The resolution of the enterprise dilemmas should be guided by a strong set of mutually agreed upon values. Secondly, the leadership in the organization should be strong and decisive to ensure it makes the right decision of the company. They should be role models and also enforce the ethical standards to the workers to ensure they act in accordance to the rules. Thirdly, the effectiveness of solving the ethical dilemma is highly important to ensure that the people follow the standards set. There should be rewards for the individuals who uphold them and penalties for the persons that defy them. Lastly, the ethics should be improved from time to time and ensure t hat the ethical behavior is maintained (Dempsey, 2013). There are different approaches that help to deal with the unethical behavior among the individuals in a particular organization. First of all, the utilitarian approach ensures that it identifies the various courses of action. Moreover, it analyzes any individual that will be affected by the benefits or harms and later chooses the appropriate action that will produce the more benefits and less harm. Secondly, the rights approach ensures that the individuals have the free will to choose what they want to do with their lives. Their choices should be respected and not manipulated at any instance by anyone. Thirdly, the fairness approach ensures that the individuals should be treated equally and those that are unequal should be treated unequally. It ensures that there is no discrimination among the people and ensures justice prevails. Fourthly, the common good approach assumes that the society comprises of individuals whose own good is linked to that of the community. The values and goals bind the people together for a common benefit that will bring the good to others. Lastly, the virtue approach assumes that the ideals that which we should strive provide the development of humanity. They are discovered through reflection on what kind of persons we have the potential to become. The ethical problem solving is highly made possible by the five approaches. It is important for the people to ensure that they maintain the ethical standards from time to time for the good progress of the institution. The individuals should do their best and uphold the ethical standards that are important for the benefit of the corporation (Dempsey, 2013). References Fisher, M. A. (2013).The ethics of conditional confidentiality: A practice model for mental health professionals. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Reamer, F. G. (2006).Ethical standards in social work: A review of the NASW code of ethics. Washington, DC: NASW Press. Salkin, P. E. (2008).Ethical standards in the public sector. Chicago, Ill: American Bar Association, Section of State and Local Government Law. Herlihy, B., Corey, G., American Counseling Association,, American Counseling Association. (2014).ACA ethical standards casebook. Koocher, G. P., Keith-Spiegel, P. (2008).Ethics in psychology and the mental health professions: Standards and cases. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kleinig, J., Mameli, P., Miller, S., Salane, D., Schwartz, A. (2011).Security and privacy: Global standards for ethical identity management in contemporary liberal democratic states. Acton, A.C.T: ANU E Press. Rowson, R. (2006).Working ethics: How to be fair in a culturally complex world. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Dempsey, A. L. (2013).Evolutions in corporate governance: Towards an ethical framework for business conduct. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing. Fisher, M. A. (2013).The ethics of conditional confidentiality: A practice model for mental health professionals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.